Chinese transliteration system8/13/2023 ![]() For example, the aspiration distinction between b, d, g and p, t, k is similar to that of these syllable-initial consonants in English (in which the two sets are, however, also differentiated by voicing), but not to that of French. In this system, the correspondence between the Latin letters and the sound is sometimes idiosyncratic, though not necessarily more so than the way the Latin script is employed in other languages. Native speakers of English will decode pinyin spellings to fairly close approximations of Mandarin except in the case of certain speech sounds that are not ordinarily produced by most native speakers of English: j / tɕ/, q /tɕʰ/, x / ɕ/, z / ts/, c /tsʰ/, zh / ʈʂ/, ch /ʈʂʰ/, h / x/ and r / ɻ/ exhibit the greatest discrepancies. ![]() The result is that the decoding systems used in some foreign languages will enable non-native speakers to produce sounds more closely resembling the target language than will the coding and decoding systems used by other foreign languages. ![]() When a foreign writing system with one set of coding and decoding systems is taken to write a language, certain compromises may have to be made. Moreover, "some cities, businesses, and organizations, notably in the southern parts of Taiwan, did not accept due to political reasons, as it suggested further integration with the PRC", and so it remains one of several rival romanization systems in use. Attempts to make pinyin standard in the ROC (Taiwan) occurred in 20, and while official since 2009, "Taiwan largely has no standardized spelling system" so that in 2019 "alphabetic spellings in Taiwan are marked more by a lack of system than the presence of one". The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopted pinyin as an international standard, ISO 7098, in 1982 and was followed by the United Nations in 1986. It was published by the Chinese Government in 1958 and revised several times. The pinyin system was developed in the 1950s by a group of Chinese linguists including Zhou Youguang and was based on earlier forms of romanizations of Chinese. Chinese language), while Pīnyīn ( 拼音) means "spelled sounds". The word Hànyǔ ( simplified Chinese: 汉语 traditional Chinese: 漢語) literally means " Han language" (i.e. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones, but pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written in the Latin script, and is also used in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters and in some Chinese dictionaries to arrange entries. It is principally used to teach Mandarin, normally written with Chinese characters, to learners already familiar with the Latin alphabet. It is used in either a formal, educational or official capacity in countries where the language is official, which are the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan) and Singapore, as well as in the United Nations (UN). Hanyu Pinyin (simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音 traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音 pinyin: hànyǔ pīnyīn), often shortened to just pinyin, is the foremost romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese. ![]() Table of Hanyu Pinyin syllables, which includes 23 initials (top) and 24 finals (bottom) ![]()
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